Kwibohora26: Uburezi budaheza, igitego cy’umutwe u Rwanda rwatsinze mu myaka 26 ishize

Nyuma y’imyaka 26 u Rwanda rubohowe ibyinshi byateye imbere mu buryo bufatika, n’ubwo urugendo rukirir rurerure ariko ingamba nicyerekezo igihugu gifite mu nzego zitandukanye gitanga ikizere ibi byose bizagerwaho.

Bamwe mu baturage basanga hari intambwe ishimishije urwego rw’uburezi rwateye n’ubwo hakiri byinshi byo gukora.

Uwitonze Eurodie ni umukobwa w'imyaka 26 wavutse ubwo u Rwanda rwabohorwaga. Amashuri yisumbuye yayatangiriye mu burezi bw'ibanze bw'imyaka 9 i Mahama mu Karere ka Kirehe kuri Groupe Scholaire Paysan D.

Uyu mukobwa yarize maze abona amanota meza mu bijyanye n'ubumenyi kuri mudasabwa ibintu byatumye akomeza amashuri ye muri Kaminuza y'imyuga n'ubumenyingiro ya Tumba, kuri we, byari inzozi kugera muri kaminuza aturutse mu mashuri ya 9 years basic education.

Ati “Kugira ngo ugere muri kaminuza urabizi Leta itanga amatangazo bati abana barangije amashuri yisumbuye batsinze ku rugero uru n'uru nimwandike muzajye kwiga, amanota nari nyafite ndandika baramfata, inguzanyo mbona barayimpaye, ku kigo na bo batangira kutumenyesha ngo tuze dufata amabaruwa yacu, njyayo ntabwo nari mpazi, nta nubwo nari nzi ko nziga kaminuza pe! Numvaga ari inzozi ariko kubera Leta ireberera abaturage nabonye amahirwe.”

Iki cyiciro cy’imyaka 9 y’amashuri yisumbuye kuri bose cyatangijwe na leta y’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2009 kigamije guha amahirwe abana bose k’uburezi.

Nyuma yo gusoza amasomo ye muri 2017 muri 2019 yabonye akazi mu ruganda rwa Mara Phone rukorera mu Rwanda, uruganda rukora telefone zigezweho.

Yagize ati “Numvaga ari ukubonekerwa, umwana wize kuriya muri ‘nine’ nkakorana n'umuntu wize ‘gardienne’ kuko icyo gihe ntabwo zari zihari iwacu ubanza zarabaga ino muri Kigali, nkakora ahantu nka hariya nkahembwa kimwe n'abandi mpita ngira icyizere cyo kubaho.”

Uwitonze Eurodie avuga ko intambwe yagiye atera mu buzima zikomoka ku miyoborere myiza u Rwanda rwagize nyuma yo kwibohora. By'umwihariko gahunda y'uburezi kuri bose yatanze amahirwe ku bantu bari mu ngeri zitandukanye.

Yagize ati “Imiyoborere myiza ubundi ni cyo kintu cya mbere cy'ingenzi kuko nta buyobozi bwiza dufite n'ibindi byose ntabwo twabigeraho, n’ayo mashuri twiga ntabwo twayiga ngo tuyarangize nta n’icyo yatumarira, ikindi nshimira perezida wacu ajya agira atya ati ‘ahantu aha n’aha ndashakamo abagore umubare runaka, urumva ko kuva cyera abakobwa nta gaciro twagiraga none ubu uba wumva ufite agaciro kandi ukumva ushoboye ibintu byose.”

Nyuma y'u rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, Gashayija Justin umusaza w'imyaka 65 avuga ko yagiye kwiga mu mashuri yisumbuye afite imyaka 53, nta pfunwe byamuteye kuko yumvaga ari amahirwe abonye yo kuziba icyuho cyo kutiga yahuye nacyo biturutse miyoborere mibi yaranze repubulika ya mbere n'iya 2.

Yagize ati “

Muri iyi Leta y'ubumwe naje gutekereza ndavuga nti abambuzaga kwiga ko batagihari, kandi Leta yacu y'ubumwe ko ishyigikiye uburezi, nshubira mu ishuri kubera ko mba mu bintu bitandukanye by'ubucuruzi ndavuga nti reka nige icungamutungo, nkora ikizami ndagitsinda mbona diplome y'icungamutungo. Noneho ndavuga nti mpura n'ibintu byinshi noneho reka mpindure nige amategeko kuko icungamutungo ndaryumva no mu ishuri nabaga ndusha n'abana n'ubwo nabyize maze imyaka irenga 30 ntiga nuko niga amategeko mbona amanota menshi.”

Amategeko Gashayija yize muri kaminuza kandi akuze avuga ko ayifashije mu mirimo ye ya buri munsi, imbuto zo kwiga yatangiye kuzisarura.

Ati “Nezezwa n'igihe nyakubahwa H.E yadusuraga aha ku Gisozi, nari narasesenguye itegeko nabonaga ryagoraga abacuruzi mu ijambo navuze ndabimubwira umuyobozi wacu yumva vuba asaba ko iryo tegeko barigenzura, minisitiri yanshyize muri komisiyo irigenzura turaritegura ni uko nabyize, mfatanya na komoisiyo yo muri Minecofin dutegura itegeko kugeza ubwo ryagiye muri guverinoma numva mfite umunezero mwinshi ko ibyari byaraniye bimbabaza byavuyeho nkishimira umusanzu natanze aho mariye kwiga amategeko kandi mu bintu byinshi.”

Umwarimu muri kaminuza Dr.Ndayisenga Wilton asanga politiki yo guteza imbere uburezi kuri bose yaratanze umusaruro mu buryo buhabanye n'iheza ryakozwe mu burezi mbere yo kwibohora kw'abanyarwanda.

Ati “Politiki  y'iheza kugira icyo umuntu ageraho ntabwo byashobokaga, kandi iyo uburezi bwapfuye mu gihugu izindi nzego zose ziraryama, zirapfa, uburezi bupfuye izindi nzego ziba zahambwe, ubwo kuko uburezi ari bwo nshingiro rya byose, umuntu akora muri banki kuko yize, avura kuko yize, imirimo yose tuyikora kuko twayize. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi habayeho gahunda nziza uburezi kuri bose, iyi gahunda yadufashije bisa naho urugi rwari rufunze hagenda hanyuramo umwe umwe ni nk'akenge kari gatoboye hanyura umwe umwe, none ubu urugi rwarafungutse buri wese yemerewe kwinjiramo.”

Umubare w’abana bagana ishuri mu Rwanda wakomeje kuzamuka uko imyaka yagiye ihita indi igataha,mu myaka itatu ishize ku ijanisha ryakozwe na miniteri y’uburezi rigaragaza ko iyi mibare yari ihagaze ku gipimo cya 98% mu mashuri abanza.

Mu mwaka wa 2011 umubare w’abana bigaga mu mashuri abanza banganaga na 2,341,146 ni ukuvuga 96% y’abagombaga kuba biga muri iki kiciro.  Muri 2016 umubare wabo warazamutse ugera ku 2,546,263 bangana na 98%.

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 na 12, kuva mu mwaka wa 2009 kugeza mu wa 2017 hubatswe ibyumba by’amashuri 16,439 n’ubwiherero 31,934.

Umubare w’abarimu babyigiye mu mashuri yisumbuye wavuye kuri 63.4% muri 2011 ugera kuri 69.2% mu mwaka wa 2016.

Amashuri y’Imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro (TVET) Aya mashuri yariyongereye. Yavuye kuri 251 mu mwaka 2011 agera kuri 394 muri 2016. Umubare w’abanyeshuri wavuye kuri 67,919 muri 2011 ugera ku 93,158 muri 2016.

Ku birebana n’amashuri makuru na za kaminuza, hagati ya 2000 na 2015, harangije abanyeshuri 105,039. Muri bo, 16,716 (16%) barangije ikiciro cya mbere (diploma), 83,022 (79%) barangije ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (Bachelor’s) naho 5,301 (5%) barangije ikiciro cya gatatu (Masters and PhD’s). 

Muri aba banyeshuri bose barangije, abize amasomo atari siyansi (Non STEM/Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) ni 64.1% mu gihe abarangije siyansi (STEM) bangana na 35.9%.  Gahunda ya Guverinoma ni uko 60% bajya muri TVET, 40% bakajya mu mashuri asanzwe (general education).

KWIZERA John Patrick