Tariki 29 Mata 1994: Ubwicanyi bwarakomeje mu nkambi yashyizwemo Abatutsi i Nyarushishi

Ku munsi nk’uyu w’itariki ya 29  Mata mu 1994, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Leta y’abicanyi yari ifite umugambi wo gushakisha Abatutsi bose bari bacyihishe muri za Hoteli na za Kiliziya.

Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi tariki ya 29 Mata mu 1994.

1. Bwa mbere, Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kize ikibazo cya Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi

Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kakomeje kwirengagiza kwiga ikibazo cya Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda guhera tariki ya 7/4/1994. 

Tariki ya 28/4/1994, nibwo ambasaderi Karel Kovanda wari uhagarariye Rupubulika ya Czech (Czech Republic) yasabye ako kanama kiga icyo kibazo. Ambasaderi Kovanda yerekanye ko kugeza uwo munsi Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kashyize ingufu zingana na 80% mu kwiga ku kibazo cyo kugumisha cyangwa gukura ingabo za MINUAR mu Rwanda, 20% ku guhagarika intambara, naho 0% ku kwiga ku bwicanyi bwakorerwaga mu Rwanda. Ashingiye ku makuru yaturukaga mu miryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu yemeje ko Leta yariho yakoraga Jenoside. Bimwe mu bihugu by’ibihangange bifite intebe ihoraho mu Kanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi byaramwikomye ngo iyo mvugo ye ntikwiye gukoreshwa mu Kanama gashinzwe Amahoro ku isi.

Uwayoboraga Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi, Ambasaderi Colin Keating nawe yabonye amakuru ahamya ko mu Rwanda hakorerwaga ubwicanyi bukomeye bwakorerwaga Abatutsi. Dr Rony Zachariah wakoraga muri MSF-Belgium yamugejejeho amakuru y’ubwicanyi bwakozwe tariki ya 22/4/1994 bwakorewe mu bitaro bwa Universite bya Butare. Abishwe bari abaganga, cyangwa se abarwayi n’abarwaza bari muri ibyo bitaro.

Ibi byaje gushimangirwa n’itangazo ryasohowe n’ishyirahamwe OXFAM ryavugaga ko mu Rwanda hakorwaga Jenoside.

Tariki ya 29/4/1994 nibwo bwa mbere Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kize ikibazo cya Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda.  

Perezida w’Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi, yashakaga gushyira ibihugu bigize ako kanama imbere y’inshingano zabyo zo gutabara niba hemejwe ko jenoside yarimo ikorwa mu Rwanda, nk’uko amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya Jenoside yo muri 1948 abiteganya. 

Bimwe mu bihugu nka New Zeland, Argentina, Spain na Check Republic byari bishyigikiye ko hafatwa umwanzuro kuri Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Bimwe mu bihugu by’ibihangange byarwanyije ko ijambo Jenoside rikoreshwa. Uhagarariye Ubufaransa, n’uhagarariye Urwanda bakoze uko bashoboye kose ngo bajijishe Akanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi bavuga ko ubwicanyi bwaakorwaga ari ingaruka z’intambara, bityo hekugira icyemezo cyo gutabara gifatwa.

Nyuma y’impaka ndende hafashwe umwanzuro wo kudakoresha ijambo Jenoside nk’uko biri mu masezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya Jenoside yo muri 1948, bakoresha imvugo ikurikira: ...”Akanama gashinzwe Amahoro ku isi kaributsa ko kwica abantu bagize igice kimwe cy’ubwoko bishingiye ku mugambi wo kubarimbura ni icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga”.

2. Abatutsi biciwe mu kigo cya Gisirikare cya Butotori (Marine), Rubavu

Ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Butotori giherereye mu mudugudu wa Butotori, Akagari ka Rubona, Umurenge wa Nyamyumba mu Karere ka Rubavu. Ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana habaga Abajepe barindaga inzu ya Habyarimana. Abo bajepe ni nabo bahiciye Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside.

Muri iki kigo hakorewe inama nyinshi zateguraga Jenoside zayoborwaga n’abasirikare bakomeye bo ku rwego rwo hejuru nka Colonel Theoneste Bagosora, Colonel Nsengiyumva Anatole n’abandi.

Muri iki kigo kandi hatangiwe imyitozo ya gisirikare yahabwaga interahamwe ziyihabwa n’abafaransa hagamijwe gutsemba Abatutsi.

Ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 hiciwe Abatutsi barimo umuryango wa NYARUZUNGU Laurent, uwa KAREKEZI Jonathan, umugabo witwaga BABONAMPOZE André n’umwana we n’abandi.

Abagize uruhare mu rupfu rw’abo bantu ni Majoro KABERA wayoboraga icyo kigo, Lieutenant MINANI wavukaga i Nyamyumba, Liyetona BIZUMUREMYI wabaye ruharwa cyane mu bwicanyi kuva 1992 ku Kibuye n’umujepe witwaga Patrice. Aba ni bo bari bakomeye mu bwicanyi bwahakorewe.

3. Abatutsi biciwe kuri paruwasi gatorika ya Shangi, Cyangugu

Kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, mbere ya Jenoside hari muri Komini ya Gafunzo muri Segiteri ya Shangi, ubu akaba ari mu Karere ka Nyamasheke mu Murenge wa Shangi. Muri Gafunzo ivangura n’itoteza ryatangiye kera, rigenda rikura, guhera muri 1990 urugamba rwo kubohora Urwanda rutangiye. Icyo gihe MRND na MDR byahise byishyira hamwe bitoteza Abatutsi. Muri Komini ya Gafunzo mu 1992 Abatutsi bari barize bari mu kazi ka Leta batangiye kwirukanwa mu mirimo, abari mu bwarimu nabo barirukanwa. Ikindi ni uko umuhutu wari warashatse Umututsikazi yahise asabwa kumwirukana mu rwego rwo kugirango bitandukanye burundu. Konseye BACAMURWANGO Anicet yatanze urugero yirukana umugore we ngo kuko yari Umututsikazi. Ariko siko imiryango yose yabikurikije.

Mu 1993 hatangiye gutozwa interahamwe hirya no hino, iza Gafunzo zatorezwaga mu Ruganda rw’icyayi rwa Shagasha, uwari umuyobozi w’uruganda icyo gihe NSABIMANA Callixte ukomoka ku Gisenyi yavugaga ku mugaragaro ko yanga Abatutsi. Niwe wagize uruhare mu itozwa ry’interahamwe mu ruganda rwa Shagasha afatanyije na Perefe BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel, Superefe Gerard TEREBURA, Superefe Theodore MUNYANGABE na Liyetona Samuel IMANISHIMWE.

Guhera kuwa 08/04/1994 interahamwe zatangiye kuvuza induru ku misozi zinaririmba ngo “tubatsembatsembe”. Abatutsi batangiye guhunga baza kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Mu batangiye kuririmba no kuvuza induru harimo Abahutu bo mu miryango y’abitwa “Abanyumu”, hatangira gushyirwaho amabariyeri hirya no hino. Ahahise hashyirwaho bariyeri ni nko kwa mwarimu Bonaventure wari utuye munsi ya Paruwasi ya Shangi.

Kuva tariki 12 na 13/04/1994 Abatutsi bari bahahungiye batangiye guterwa n’interahamwe n’abahutu baho bahaturiye baje kwica no gusahura, ariko Abatutsi bagerageza kwirwanaho barabanesha.

Kuwa 14/04/1994, haje igitero cya 3 cyari gifite imbaraga kiyobowe n’interahamwe yitwa PIMA. Mbere yo kujya kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, babanje guca kuri Komini Gafunzo gufata imbunda ndetse na za gerenade zo kwicisha Abatutsi. Burugumesitiri KARORERO Charles yategetse burigadiye wa Komini kuzibaha. Interahamwe zakoresheje imbunda na za gerenade mu kwica Abatutsi, ariko hagira abarokoka. Iki gitero cyitiriwe PIMA cyaje giturutse i Nyamirundi. 

Interahamwe zabanje gufunga amazi kugirango impunzi zari ziri kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi zizicwe n’inzara n’inyota. Abagerageje kujya ku kiyaga cya Kivu kiri hepfo ya kiriziya bahise bicwa batarahagera.

Kuwa 18/04/1994 haje intumwa zari zivuye kuri Perefegitura ziyobowe na superefe MUNYENGABE Theodore bakoresha inama ba Konseye abasaba gukora urutonde rw’Abatutsi bose bavuye iwabo bahunze n’aho bahungiye.

Nyuma y’aho Padiri MATEGEKO Aime na SuPerefe MUNYANGABE n’abakozi bari aba Komini barazaga bakarobanuramo abagabo n’abasore bagifite ingufu n’abize bakajya kubica. Babeshye Abatutsi ko abo bahamagaye ari abari bafite intwaro (Imbunda, gerenade, imishyito) n’ibindi bikoresho byo kwicisha abahutu basanze mu mazu yabo kandi ko bagomba kujya kwisobanura ku rukiko i Kamembe. Abo bajyanye ntawagarutse. 

Kuwa 27/04/1994 nka 10h00’ haje ikindi gitero cy’interahamwe za Shangi na Nyabitekeri, barwana nacyo barakinesha gisubirayo. Kuwa 29/04 haje igitero gikomeye cyane cy’interahamwe za Yussuf MUNYAKAZI zivuye mu Bugarama,  zipakiye mu modoka 3, baje bitwaje imipanga, ubuhiri, imbunda na za grenades. Abaharokokeye bavuga ko Interahamwe zinjiye ziririmba ngo “isi n’ibiyirimo byose ni iby’abahutu”, batangira gutemagura no guteramo gerenade. Uwo munsi bashoje kwica nka 19h30’ kuko bwari bwije, bafata bakobwa batari bapfuye babatwara iwabo, bakorerwa ibya mfura mbi. 

Kuwa 30/04/1994 nibwo interahamwe zaje zica abari bakomeretse, nyuma yaho bahagarika abantu barimo bajya mu isoko baraza bakora umuganda wo gukura imirambo mu kiriziya bazijyana mu cyobo cyari cyariswe Croix Rouge (icyobo baviduriragamo umwanda wo mu bwiherero bwo mu kigo cy’ishuri ribanza cya Shangi) bajugunyamo ya mirambo. Icyobo cyuzuye bacukuye ibindi akaba ariho bajugunya imirambo yose mu rwego rwo kugira ngo kiliziya ise neza bazabone n’uko bazajya barusengeramo.

Padiri MATEGEKO Aime wabaye ruharwa muri jenoside i Shangi yahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside akatirwa igifungo cyo gufungwa burundu.

4. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Sitade Kamarampaka, Rusizi

Stade Kamarampaka yari yubatse impande y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, ikigo cya gisirikari na jandarumori, ibiro bya prefecture ya Cyangugu, Gereza ya Cyangugu, Diyoseze ya Cyangugu, na Centre y’ubucuruzi ya Kamembe. Yari yegereye n’umupaka wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. 

Ibi bikaba biri mu byatumye Abatutsi benshi bahungira muri iyi sitade kuko babonaga bakikijwe n’inzego z’ubutegetsi zizabarengera. 

Iyi stade Abatutsi ba mbere bayihungiyemo kuwa 09 Mata1994 bazanye n’amatungo yabo kuko abahutu bari batangiye kubatwikira.

Kuwa 19 Mata 1994 nibwo haje igitero cy’Abasirikare cyari kiyobowe na Perefe BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel wari Perefe wa Cyangugu. Baje bafite urutonde rw’abagabo b’Abatutsi bashakaga kubanza gutwara, higanjemo abize cyangwa bafite amikoro. Abandi ni abagabo bari bafite imbaraga ku buryo bari kubasha kwirwanaho. 

Padiri Laurent NTIMUGURA yaraje arabashinyagurira, bamusabye kubatabariza, arababwira ngo “Ubwo murahaze, abandi bafite intimba y’uko babuze Umubyeyi wabo none namwe mbazaniye ibiryo mukambwira ubusa?” Nyamara mugenzi we padiri Oscar NKUNDAYEZU yahumurije impunzi z’Abatutsi azizanira ibyo kurya, atanga na Penetensiya kubayifuza. Padiri Laurent NTIMUGURA yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20 arakirangiza, ubu aba kwa musenyeri i Cyangugu.

Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri sitade Kamarampaka bamerewe nabi cyane kuko nta mazi yari ahari, nta biryo, nta bwiherero bafite, hari hateyemo indwara ya macinya kubera umwanda, indembe zari zimaze kwiyongera.

Kuwa 26/04/1994 hagarutse igitero cy’abasirikare cyari kiyobowe na Lt IMANISHIMWE Samuel gitwara abagabo bajya kwicwa. Perefe BAGAMBIKI yafashe icyemezo ko Abatutsi bari muri sitade badakwiye guhabwa amahirwe yo guhungira hanze (muri Zaïre) afata icyemezo  cyo kubajyana i Nyarushishi kure y’umupaka kugira ngo hatagira abacika bakajya muri Zayire.

Kuwa 28 Mata 1994 hagarutse ikindi gitero cy’abasirikare gitwara abandi batutsi kibajyana kubica. Impunzi zakoze inama zemeranywa guhungira muri Zayire. Nka saa cyenda za mu gitondo bose barasohotse berekeza iya Zayire ariko abasirikare bari babarinze barabatangatanga, basanze Bagambiki n’abasirikare n’interahamwe zabateze, abategeka gusubira inyuma. Igihe bari bakase basubira inyuma nibwo batangiye kwicwa barashwe, abandi interahamwe zibatemagura, zibakubita amahiri na za gerenade. Abatarapfuye bajyanywe i Nyarushishi.

IMANISHIMWE Samuel yahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside n’Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho Urwanda, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 12.

5. Ubwicanyi bwarakomeje mu nkambi yashyizwemo Abatutsi i Nyarushishi

Nyarushishi yahoze ari inkambi yabagamo Abarundi bahunze 1993. Yazanywemo abatutsi bavanywe mu Mujyi i Cyangugu, hanahungira abarokotse ubwicanyi ahandi nka Mibilizi, Shangi, Nyamasheke, Kibogora,...

Abafaransa binjiye Cyangugu 23/6/1994 bahita bajya i Nyarushishi bashaka kwerekana ko ikibazanye ari ugutabara. Bari bakeneye icyo bereka Televiziyo z’iwabo kubera ko itangazamakuru ryanengaga Guverinoma y’Ubufransa kuba yohereje abasilikare mu Rwandsa gufasha Leta yakoraga Jenoside.

Abafransa bakoreshaga amayeri yo kugaragaraza mu mahanga iyi nkambi ya Nyarushishi nk’ikimenyetso cyerekana ko baje mu Rwanda kurokora abicwaga, nyamara ari uguhisha isura nyayo ya Turquoise yo gufasha Leta y’abicanyi. Ni nayo mpamvu basabye Guverinoma y’abatabazi ko inkambi ya Nyarushishi idakorwaho kugira ngo itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane iryo mu Bufransa, riyikoreshe mu kugaragaza iyo sura nziza.

I Nyarushishi habereye ibikorwa byinshi by’ubugome harimo gusambanya abakobwa ku gahato bikozwe n’abafransa. Guhera muri 2005, bamwe mu bakobwa basambayijwe ku gahato i Nyarushishi na Murambi batanze ikirego mu Bufransa kuri icyo cyaha bakorewe. Itangazamakuru ryabajije abari abayobozi b’ingabo z’Ubufransa i Cyangugu icyo bavuga kuri ibyo birego, bagaragaza ko bishoboka ko icyo cyaha cyakozwe. 

Colonel Didier TAUZIN wari ukuriye abasilikare bitwa COS bageze i Nyarushishi ku wa 23 kamena 1994, yatangarije ikinyamakuru La Croix muri 2011 aya magambo: “Ayo makuru ntayo nigeze menya mu gihe cya Turquoise. Twabaga turi kumwe n’abanyamakuru benshi; nta n’umwe muribo wigeze avuga ibyo bintu. Ariko sinakwemeza ijana ku ijana ko haba batarabayeho ibyakorwa n’umusilikare ku giti cye.” 

Naho Colonel Jacques HOGARD wayoboraga ingabo z’Ubufransa muri Cyangugu mu guhe cya Turquoise yatangarije ikinyamakuru Causette muri 2011 ko: “Birashoboka ko habaho abanyamwanda inyuma y’inzira. Niba byarabayeho, byakozwe na bake ku bwende bwabo, ntibyashyizweho na systeme yacu. Hari igihe namenyeshejwe ko abasilikare b’aba Legionnaires bibye amakaziye ya Byeri. Ariko sinemera ko habayeho gusambanya abakobwa ku ngufu.”

Iyi mvugo ubwayo irimo ikinyoma. Niba umuyobozi w’abasilikare b’Abafransa yiyemerera ko ingabo yayoboraga zibaga amakaziye ya byeri, bivuze ko babaga bayambuye abaturage. Ni gute barii gutinya gusambanya abakobwa ku gahato niba bari n’ibisambo bigeza aho byiba Byeri? Izi mvugo zirerekana ko TAUZIN na HOGARD bazi neza ibyaha byakozwe n’abasilikare bari bayoboye. 

Jenerali Jean-Claude LAFOURCADE wari umuyobozi mukuru wa Turquoise yose asa n’uwemera ko habayeho gusambanya abagore n’abakobwa ku gahato mu nkambi za Nyarushishi na Murambi bikozwe n’abasilikare babo ariko agasa nk’aho abitesha agaciro avuga ngo: “ Il n’y a pas eu de faute grave, pas de viol collectif” = Nta cyaha gikomeye cyakozwe. Nta gusambanya ku gahato byakozwe mu buryo bwa rusange. 

Bishatse kumvisha ko yemera ko gusambanya abakobwa ku gahato byakozwe ariko akagabanya ubukana bwabyo yishingikirije gusa ko ngo zitakozwe ku mabwiriza y’ubuyobozi bw’ingabo kandi mu buryo bwa rusange. 

i Nyarushishi kandi Colonel Thibault yahatangarije amagambo agaragaza ubufatanyacyaha n’Interahamwe n’abandi bajenosideri. Urugero ni amagambo yabwiye umunyamakuru  Raymond BONNER wandikaga muri New York Times ku wa 28/06/1994 amubajije impamvu Interahamwe zikomeza gukikiza inkambi ya Nyarushishi kandi Abafransa ntibazirukane. Thibault yarashubije ngo: “Nous n’avons pas d’ordres de desarmer les milices” = Nta misiyo dufite yo kwambura imbunda Interahamwe”. Byasohotse muri New York Times yo ku wa 29/06/1994”. 

Ikindi kibabaje ni uburyo abakozi ba Croix Rouge bagiye bagira uruhare mu kwica no kwicisha Abatutsi bavanwaga hano mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi. Uwavuzwe cyane ni uwitwa HATEGEKIMANA Saadi watangaga abatutsi abaha interahamwe zikabica kandi yari umukozi wa Croix rouge. 

Icyakora, kuba Abatutsi barabashije kuticwa n’interahamwe i Nyarushishi byagizwemo uruhare na Colonel Innocent BAVUGAMENSHI wayoboraga jandarumori i Cyangugu. Yanze kwijandika muri jenoside, afata abajandarume yizeye, abashinga kurinda inkambi ya Nyarushishi, bagahangana n’Interahamwe kugeza abafransa baje. Yitabye Imana nyuma ya Jenoside azize indwara ari mu ngabo z’igihugu za Leta y’Ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda.

Ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi bwarakomeje hirya no hino mu gihugu, bukorwa kimwe, ni ukuvuga ko uwitwa Umututsi wese yishwe, abenshi bishwe bahunga. Kuri iyi tariki abenshi biciwe mu nyubako z’ubuyobozi, Komini, no mu nsengero kuko abantu bibeshyaga ko bashobora kuharokokera.

Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG