Hagati ya tariki 14-18 Gicurasi 1994: Abatutsi biciwe i Musambira, i Kabgayi no mu Byimana

Ku munsi nk’uyu w’itariki ya 20 Mata mu 1994, Leta y’abicanyi yari ikomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi benshi tariki ya 14-18 Gicurasi 1994.

Abatutsi biciwe kuri Centre de Sante ya Musambira, no kuri Paruwasi ya Musambira, Kamonyi

Muri Komini Musambira ubwicanyi bukomeye bwaherukaga kuba ku matariki ya 18 kugeza 20 Mata 2020.

Ku itariki 14/05/1994, nibwo ubwicanyi bwongeye gukaza umurego. Bamwe mu bari barokotse ubwicanyi bwaberaga hirya no hino muri iyo Komini, bahungiye kuri Centre de Sante ya Musambira no ku biro bya Komini Musambira byegeranye. Kugira ngo bongere bahuze Abatutsi, ubutegetsi bwababwiraga ko bajya aho kuri Komini no ku Kigo nderabuzima, kugira ngo bazahabarindire ndetse banabubakire amacumbi kuko amazu yabo yari yarasenywe. 

Ku tariki ya 14/5/1994, haje igitero kigota Centre de Sante, uwo munsi bica igitsina gabo cyose abagore barabareka. Imirambo yabaye myinshi igera aharemeraga isoko ry’ihene n’iry’inka, barangije bategeka abagore b’abatutsikazi guterura ya mirambo, kandi imyinshi yari iy’abagabo babo. Abagore banze kuyiterura, abicanyi batangira kubakubita bituma batangira gukurura ya mirambo bayijyana mu byobo byashyirwagamo imyanda y’ibagiro ndetse no mu byobo Centre de Sante yashyiragamo imyanda.

Bucyeye ku itariki 15/5/1994, abicanyi bazanye igitero cy’abana, ngo bajye kwica abana b’Abatutsi, kuko ku itariki ya 14/5/1994 hari hishwe abasore n’abagabo gusa, abana n’abagore barabasiga. Abo bana baje bitwaje imihoro, impiri, ariko bahagarikiwe n’abantu bakuru. Kuri iyo tariki abana bose bishwe n’abandi bana bagenzi babo, na none hasigara abagore n’utwana bahetse n’inshuke.

Ku itariki ya 16/05/1994, igitero cyaje gutwara ba bagore bari kuri Centre de Sante kibashyikiriza abandi bicanyi bari kuri bariyeri y’ahitwa mu Cyakabiri, abo bicanyi nabo baberekeza ahitwa mu Kagarama hagana ahitwa i Nyarubaka. 

Bahasanze ikindi gitero, bahicira abagore benshi, bicishijwe amabuye, babahamba babona n’ibindi bibi. 

Ubwicanyi bwarakomeje muri ako gace, no mu minsi yakurikiyeho.

Ku itariki 18/05/1995, abatutsi bari barahungiye kuri paruwasi ya Musambira ya Mutagatifu Kizito, barishwe. Abari barahahungiye ni abatutsi baturutse imihanda yose harimo abari basanzwe batuye muri komine Musambira no muri komine zari zituranye na Musambira, hiyongeraho abari baturutse Runda na Kigali berekezaga I Kabgayi. Bicishijwe intwaro zitadukanye zirimo imbunda n’intwaro gakondo. Nyuma ya jenoside imva bari bashyinguyemo yimuriwe mu rwibutso rwa Kibuza. 

Ab’ingenzi bayoboye ubwicanyi bwa Musambira ni :

• NYANDWI Charles Burugumesitiri wa Musambira ;

• KARANE Dominique wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa Musambira ;

•  IYAKAREMYE Abudrahamani ;

• SEKAZIGA ;

•  RUKUNDAKUVUGA Evariste ;

•  RYUMUGABE Alphonse ;

•  KARAMBIZI (wari konseye) ;

• MUHOZI Jafari ;

•  HARERIMANA Yozefu alias NTURO ;

•  Frodouard wari umupolisi;

•  LANDUWARIDI, VIANNEY hamwe n’izindi nterahamwe n’abaturage b’abahutu.

Tariki ya 16/05/1994, abagore bari bakuwe kuri Centre de Sante ya Musambira, bamaze kwicirwa abagabo n’abana, bo barabashoreye, bari kumwe n’utwana bahetse n’uducutse, babageza ahitwa mu Gitega mu Murenge wa Nyarubaka ariko icyo gihe hari muri Komine Musambira. Babagejeje aho ngaho bavuga ko nta mwana w’umuhungu ugomba kurenga aho ngaho. Kubera ko abana b’abahungu bahigwaga cyane, ababyeyi bamwe bari bagerageje kubambika udukanzu.

Muri icyo gitero cy’aho mu Gitega, hari umugore witwaga MUKANGANGO Laurence niwe wakoraga akazi ko kureba niba akana ari agahungu cyangwa agakobwa. Utwana tw’uduhungu twose badushyize mu cyobo tubona, hanyuma bategeka ba nyina gushyiraho itaka. Abagore bamwe barabyanze batangira gukubitwa, abanze babiciye aho, abandi bemera gushyiraho itaka. Amakuru avuga ko abo bana bapfuye nabi, bamwe bavuga ko babatokoza, abandi basaba imbabazi ngo ntibazongera kuba Abatutsi, ndetse uko bashyiragaho itaka bamwe barwanaga no kuzamuka ngo bave muri icyo cyobo ariko bikaba iby’ubusa. Abana bose bahiciwe ni 78.

Kuva aho hantu werekeza ku Murenge wa Nyarubaka abagore n’abakobwa bahaguye ni benshi kuko bakomeje kubashorera babica, babashinyagurira kugera bageze ahitwa i Musumba noneho bagakubitwa bikomeye cyane. 

Aho i Musumba bahakubitirwaga iruhande rwabo uwari Burugumesitiri wa Komine Nyamabuye RUZIGANA Emmanuel yaje kuhakoreshereza inama. Bake babashije gusigara bageze i Kabgayi, abandi bakomeza kuzerera mu mashyamba kugeza Jenoside irangiye.

Abatutsi biciwe mu Ishuri ry’Ubuhanga (Ecole des Sciences) mu  Byimana

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Abatutsi 105 biciwe mu isambu y’ikigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Byimana mu ishyamba. Ikigo giherereye mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya  Gitarama, Komini Mukingi, Segiteri ya Muhororo muri Serire ya Kigarama ubu ni mu Karere ka Ruhango, Umurenge wa Byimana, Akagali  ka  Bukomero  mu  Mudugudu  wa Muhororo. Cyari ikigo gicungwa n’abafurere Maristes kugeza n’ubu nibo bagicunga.

Hiciwe Abatutsi benshi by’umwihariko bakuwe i Kabgayi aho bari barahungiye barimo n’Abafurere Maristes b’Abatutsi babaga mu kigo cy’abafurere mu Byimana, bahungiye i Kabgayi kuwa 24/04/1994 nyuma yo kwirukanwa mu kigo na bagenzi babo bakajyanwayo n’uwitwa Uwamungu Jean Bosco wari ukuriye ikigo. 

Ku itariki ya 29/4/1994 babanje kwica umwarimu witwaga Nteziyaremye Migabo Lazare bamukura mu kigo bajya kumwicira mu gasantere ka Byimana aho yari atuye. 

Nyuma yaho, ku itariki 13/05/1994, hishwe gusa abarimu b’Abatutsi bigishaga mu kigo cy’ishuri cya Byimana barimo Rubayiza Etienne wiciwe mu kigo aho yari yihishe, Gasana Balthazar na  Nyirakazungu  Gloriose bari batuye hanze y’ikigo mu nzu y’abafurere bishwe barashwe n’abasirikare bari mu kigo. Gasana yicanwe n’umwana we w’umuhungu witwaga Niragire Prudence. Muri iki kigo habaga abagore b’abasirikare bo mu Kigo cya Gako bari barahunze Bugesera imazwe gufatwa bari kumwe n’abasirikare ba Ex-FAR bagiye bakomerekera ku rugamba. Ni bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri uwbo bwicanyi.

Ku wa 24/5/1994 nibwo abasirikare bakuye Abafurere bo mu Byimana i Kabgayi aho bari barahungiye barimo Gatari Gaspard wari ushinzwe amasomo mu kigo  cya Byimana (préfet des études), Nyirinkindi Canisius na  Bisengimana Fabien bari abafurere Maristes baza kubicira mu Byimana.  Hari abandi bakoreraga i Kabgayi barimo Furere Munyanshongore Martin akaba  yari umukuru w’abafurere  Josephites mu Rwanda wari  ufite icyicaro i  Kabgayi. Hazanywe kandi Padiri Niyonshuti Celestin wigeze  gukorera ubutumwa muri Paruwasi  Gatulika ya  Byimana n’umubikira  witwa Mama Benigne wo mu muryango w’Abenebikira wari ushinzwe ikigo cyo guteza imbere  imirire  myiza (centre nutritionnel) cya Diyosezi ya Kabgayi nabo biciwe mu Byimana. 

Muri rusange i Kabgayi hakuwe abafurere, abihaye Imana n’abandi batutsi bari barahahungiye by’umwihariko abari  basanzwe bazwi, barimo KALINDA Viateur wari umunyamakuru w’imikino kuri Radio Rwanda n’abandi.

Mbere yo kubagarura kwicirwa mu Byimana, abafurere bagenzi babo bo mu Byimana babanje kujya babagemurira ibiryo i Kabgayi. Ibyo byatumaga bamenya abahahungiye no  gukurikirana amakuru yabo kugeza ubwo basabye ko bicirwa mu Byimana. 

Bamaze kuhabageza bicishijwe imbunda bakaba barishwe n’abasirikare bari baraje mu kigo cy’abafurere nyuma yo kurasirwa ku rugamba. Muri bo harimo Lt Monique n’umusirikare witwa Nzayisenga wavukaga mu Byimana. 

Bamwe mu bandi bagize uruhare mu kubica harimo :

Ntamugabumwe Emmanuel, Nduwamungu Emmanuel na Kibihira aba bose bahamijwe ibyaha bya Jenoside mu Nkiko Gacaca. Abandi bari ku isonga mu gutegura ubwo bwicanyi barimo Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi Gatulika ya Byimana witwa NDAGIJIMANA Joseph yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n’inkiko zisanzwe ubu afungiye muri gereza ya  Nyanza i Mpanga, Furere NKUSI François ukomoka mu Cyanika mu Karere ka Nyamagabe wabaga mu kigo cy’abafurere Maristes mu Byimana, yakatiwe n’urukiko Gacaca rwa Segiteri ya Muhororo imyaka 25 ubu afungiye muri gereza ya  Nyanza. 

Undi ni Furere Uwamungu Bosco wabaga mu Byimana, yaje kuba Padiri nyuma ya Jenoside ; ubu atuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA), yakatiwe adahari igifungo cy’imyaka 30 n’urukiko Gacaca rwa segiteri ya Muhororo. Rugamba François watwaraga imodoka y’ikigo cya Byimana, yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 30 n’inkiko zisanzwe ubu afungiye muri gereza ya  Nyanza. Ntiyamira Alexis wari Perezida wa MDR muri Komini Mukingi akaba yari n’umwarimu muri Groupe Scolaire Shyogwe, ntabwo yakatiwe yahungiye muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. 

Umuryango w’Abibumbye wakomeje kurangwa no kwanga gutabara Abatutsi bakorerwaga Jenoside

Ku itariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1994, Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi yariyerurukije itora icyemezo cyongera ingabo za MINUAR zikagera ku 5.500 ndetse muri icyo cyemezo hemezwa ko u Rwanda rwambuwe uburenganzira bwo kongera kugura intwaro (embargo). Nubwo hatowe uwo mwanzuro ariko, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wanze guhindura manda ya MINUAR ngo ihabwe ububasha bwo gukoresha ingufu mu guhagarika Jenoside. Jenoside yarinze irangira n‘icyo cyemezo cyatowe kitubahirijwe. 

Nyamara, Radiyo BBC yari yatangaje mu makuru yayo yo ku wa 14 Gicurasi 1994, ko ibihugu bya Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzaniya, Zimbabwe, Zambiya, Senegal na Australiya byari byiteguye gutanga abasilikare bo kongera umubare wa MINUAR. Muri aya makuru, Radio BBC yasobanuraga kandi ko Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Boutros-Boutros Ghali yari yatanze raporo muri iyo nama igaragaza ko MINUAR izakenera amafranga angana na miliyoni ijana na cumi n’eshanu z’amadolari. Ayo mafranga ntiyigeze atangwa.

Impaka mu Muryango w’Abibumbye muri iyo nama zaranzwe kandi n’ubufatanye hagati y’Ubufransa na Leta y’abicanyi mu kwanga gutora ibyemezo birengera abicwaga. Uwari uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w’Abibumbye witwaga BIZIMANA Jean Damascene, ubu wahungiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, afashijwe na Ambasederi w’Ubufransa mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, Jean Bernard MERIMEE, banze gutora icyemezo cyo kongera umubare w‘abasilikare b’amahanga mu Rwanda, banga no gutora ingingo ikumira Guverinoma y’abicanyi mu gutumiza intwaro zo gukora Jenoside.

Papa Yohani Paulo wa II yabaye uwa mbere mu gukoresha ijambo Jenoside 

Nyuma y’ukwezi n’igice abatutsi bicwa buri munsi mu Rwanda amahanga arebera, ndetse no mu Muryango w’Abibumbye banga guha ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside yakorerwa Abatutsi inyito nyayo yari ibukwiriye, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Kiliziya gatorika, Nyirubutungane Papa Yoahni Pawulo wa II yarabwamaganye. 

Mu ijambo yavuze ku cyumweru tariki ya 15 gicurasi 1994 mu butumwa yahaye isi yahamagariye amahanga gukora ibishoboka agahagarika Jenoside mu Rwanda. Papa Yohani Paulo wa II yanasabye ko amahanga akwiye gukora ibishoboha agashyikiriza ubutabera abantu bari bafite uruhare muri Jenoside.

Radiyo mpuzamahanga y’Ubufransa yo, RFI, ikoresheje umunyamakuru wayo wari mu Rwanda, Jean Helene, akorera mu gice cy’abicanyi, yakomeje guhitisha amakuru abashyigikira kandi abaha ijambo kuri RFI. Kuri iyi tariki 15 gicurasi 1994, RFI yahaye ijambo umukuru w’Interahamwe, Robert Kajuga, ahakana ubwicanyi bwose bwakorwaga na Guverinoma ya Kambanda, ingabo zayo n’Interahamwe/Impuzamugambi, yamamaza ko abo bica ari Inkotanyi n’ibyitso byazo, ko atari abasivile.

Kuri iyi tariki ya 18 gicurasi 1994, Jenoside yari yaramaze guhitana Abatutsi benshi hose mu gihugu, hasigaye ahantu hake aho bari bakirwanaho cyangwa se batarabica bose kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Ubukana bwakoreshejwe, uruhare inzego za Leta zabigizemo zishora abaturage b’abahutu muri Jenoside yarimbuye Abatutsi ni ikimenyetso ndakuka ko ubu bwicanyi bwateguwe kandi bushyirwa mu bikorwa na Leta. Aya matariki yaranzwe cyane no kwica utwana twari dusigaye tutaricwa kimwe n’abagore.

Dr Bizimana Jean Damascene

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG