Inararibonye zisanga hari icyizere cyo kuba Afurika izibohora

Imyaka ibarirwa muri 60 irashize ibihugu bya Afurika bitangiye kubona ubwigenge. Cyakora abakurikiranira hafi ibijyanye n'imiyoborere na politiki kuri uyu mugabane bemeza ko kugeza magingo aya Afurika itaragera ku Kwibohora, ari na yo mpamvu hari bimwe mu bihugu bikomeza gusaba ko urugamba n’urugendo bigomba gukomeza kugeza Afrika igeze ku kwibohora nyako.   

Ni mu gihe kuri uyu wa mbere tariki 25 Gicurasi hizihizwa umunsi ngarukamwaka wo kwibohora kwa Afrika.

Ahagana mu myaka ya 1960 ni bwo bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byatangiye kubona ubwingenge, mu nkubiri yari igamije kwigobotora ba gashakabuhake bari bamaze hafi ikinyejana cyose barabyigaruriye.

Gusa mu mboni z'intwararumuri mu guharanira ubwo bwigenge, byasaga n’aho ubwo bwigenge Afurika yahawe bwari bucagase bityo hatangira urugamba rwo kwibohora nyabyo ubukoloni haba mu mitegekere n'indi migirire ndetse no mu mitekerereze.

Ni urugamba rwasabye ko ibihugu bya Afurika bitekereza uko byatahiriza umugozi umwe kugira ngo bigere ku ntsinzi, bituma tariki 25 Gicurasi 1963 i Addis Abeba muri Ethiopia havuka Umuryango w'ubumwe bwa Afurika, Organisation de l'union Africaine, OUA.

Kuri nyakwigendera Kwame Nkrumah waharaniye ubwigenge bw'igihugu cya Ghana ndetse akaba ari umwe mu bashinze uyu muryango, ngo ikibazo nyamukuru Afurika yari ifite muri icyo gihe ni abo yise abanzi bayo bari bashishikajwe no kuyibibamo amacakubiri.

Yagize ati “Abanzi bacu ni benshi kandi bashishikajwe no kubyaza umusaruro intege nke zacu. Baratubwira bati umuntu uyu n'uyu cyangwa igihugu iki n'iki ni cyo gikomeye cyane kurusha kiriya. Ariko ntibashobora kutubwira ko twakomera twese kurushaho mu gihe twaramuka twemeye gusenyera umugozi umwe. Muri Afurika yunze ubumwe nta mipaka ikwiye kuba iri hagati ya Ethiopia na Somalia, cyangwa hagati ya Zanzibar na Kenya, Guinea na Liberia, Ghana na Cote d'Ivoire.  

Kugira ngo ariko Afurika yunge ubumwe, byasabaga mbere na mbere ko ubwo bumwe buhera mu bihugu ubwabyo, gusa inararibonye mu mateka zikemeza ko abakoloni batigeze bacogora, kuko bakomeje kwivanga muri politiki n'imitegekere yabyo, ibintu byatumye nko mu myaka 50 nyuma y'ubwigenge, mu bihugu 26 habamo ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi cyangwa Coup d'Etat inshuro zirenga 65.

Icyakora inararibonye muri politiki, Hon. Tito Rutaremara, asanga ibyabaye byose bitagerekwa ku bakoloni.

Ati “Ubundi abari bafite icyo gitekerezo bari abayobozi n'abandi ba ‘elites’ bagiye mu mashuri. Ariko baza gusanga nanone abo ngabo abenshi bagiye bashyirwaho n'amahanga kandi amahanga atifuza ko tujya hamwe. Abo rero benshi b'abayobozi wasangaga ari inshuti na bariya banyamahanga ari na bo bakorera kuruta uko bari inshuti z'abanyafrika. N'ubu ni ko bikimeze, ugasanga abantu bibagiwe ko ari abanyafurika kandi ko Afurika ari urubyiruko.”

N’ubwo biri uko ariko, kuri Amb. Joseph Nsengimana, inararibonye muri dipolomasi, ngo uko iminsi ihita hagenda hagaragara impinduka zirimo n'izitanga icyizere ko Afurika izagera ku bumwe ikeneye ngo ibashe kwigenga bisesuye.

Ati “U Rwanda rwafashe iya mbere rwemerera abanyafrika bose ko bashobora kuza bagasaba visa bageze ku mupaka. Ariko byatumye ubu hari ibihugu birenga 10 bimaze kubyemeza na byo muri za politiki zabyo, muzi ko hagiyeho na passport nyafurika. Ibyo byose birashaka kwerekana yuko ubumwe bwa Afurika atari abayobozi ahubwo ko ari abanyafrika bose. Nkumva rero ari ukugerageza uko twabisangira izo mbaraga zitatanye zikagira imyumvire imwe ku buryo ibintu byatinze/byafashe igihe noneho mu gihe kiri imbere byakwihuta.”

Icyizere Amb. Nsengimana afite, agisangiye na Shyaka Michael, Komiseri ushinzwe urubyiruko mu muryango Pan African Movement Rwanda, ndetse na Rev. Jolie Kandema, komiseri ushinzwe abagore n'iterambere ry'uburinganire muri uwo muryango.

Shyaka yagize ati “Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika ugereranyije n'abo ba Nyerere mvuze, muri iyo myaka ya za 1960 na we  yari afite imyaka nka 6 cyangwa 5 ariko uyu munsi arimo arabishyira mu bikorwa. Ni inde wari uziko muri KCC hashobora kubera inama y'abakuru b'ibihugu na guverinoma bagasinya amasezerano y'ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka muri Afurika, AfCFTA?”

Na ho Rev. Kandema ati “Iyo usubiye inyuma mu mateka muri za 1950 mbere yuko ibihugu bya Afurika bitangira kubona ubwigenge, umugore ubwe yari akandamijwe cyane. Uyu munsi rero njye mbona hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyagezweho n’ubwo atari mu bihugu byose ariko mpereye ku gihugu cyacu cy'u Rwanda. Mu Rwanda  Dushimira rero cyane byumwihariko Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame aduha uruvugiro, aduha umwanya.”

Ibyiciro by'urubyiruko n'abagore biri mu byahawe umwihariko mu cyerekezo 2063 cyiswe ‘Africa we Want’ cyangwa se Afurika Twifuza. Ubwo u Rwanda rwizihizaga ku nshuro ya 20 umunsi wo kwibohora, Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame yashimangiye ko kwibora ari urugendo rudahagarara, yibutsa urubyiruko rwa Afurika ko ari rwo ruhanzwe amaso.

Icyo gihe yagize ati “Kwibohora muri iki gihe bifite agaciro nk'ako byahoranye kuva kera. Abagize buri gisekuru bafite umusanzu bagomba gutanga bubakiye ku bababanjirije. Abakurambere bashinze ibihugu byacu barwanye urugamba rutoroshye kugira ngo twigobotore abakoloni, bashyiraho ingamba zo kubungabunga ubusugire n'agaciro k'ibihugu byacu. Gusa muri urwo rugendo hari amakosa yakozwemo ari na yo mpamvu tukiri kure y'ibyo twifuza, bityo rero urugamba rwo kwibohora rugomba gukomeza. Mwebwe urubyiruko rw'umugabane wacu rero, murasabwa uruhare runini, cyane ko benshi muri mwe ubu muri no mu myanya y'ubuyobozi. Turabasaba rero kubakira ku byagezweho mu gategurira Afurika ahazaza heza.”

Kugeza ubu ibihugu bya Afurika byose bihurira mu muryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe. Uyu muryango waje usimbura uw'ubumwe bwa Afurika wagiyeho tariki 25 Gicurasi 1963, ari na bwo hizihizwa umunsi wo kwibohora kwa Afurika.

Divin UWAYO